It is an abnormal response of the immune system. The substances (pollen, mold, etc) are called allergen. The antigen responsible for an allergy reaction is called an allergen. Our immune system is there to defend us from any aggression or invasion by foreign substances. This loss of control on the part of the immune system triggers off harmful over- reactions known as hypersensitivity.
It can be caused due to the airborne allergens like pollens, animal dander or we can say dust mites.
It appears on the body where ever it comes into contact with undesirable substances. One can be allergic to woolen clothing, synthetic polyester clothing. Metal like nickel or topical medications containing pomades. Some times it could be with Cosmetic products or detergents too.
Insect bite Allergy-Insects whose stings could bring about allergic reactions mostly belong to the order of Hymenoptera: bees and wasps. After a bee- or wasp- sting you will notice a small bump which itches, a painful red swelling which may spread and last as long as a couple of days.
Food AllergyThere are certain foods which can be allergic and can give cutaneous reaction like pruritus, Urticaria, edema. The reaction may be immediate or delayed. The people can be allergic to sea food, egg white, milk, nuts (hazel nut, pea nut etc).
Drug Allergy-They are the result of the immune reaction to a medicine or its metabolite. The common culprits are penicillin and its derivative, Aspirin, analgin, phenopheline, anti tetanus, anti diphtheria serum of non human origin.
Allergic reactions can range from mild to moderate but rearely in some severe cases allergies can trigger and cause severe reaction in a body known as anaphylaxis.
Mild allergy symptoms can include-Must avoid the drug which produced allergic reaction to you prior. Control exposure to outdoor allergens. Exposure should be controlled to animal dander, urine, and dried saliva which are common allergens that can be spread throughout your home by indoor pets. Avoidance of contactant.
Desensitization-In fact, it would be more accurate to talk of hypo sensitization since this treatment does not actually desensitize but it makes the patient less sensitive to the allergen.
Medicinal Treatment-
Antihistamines- Antihistamines are used to relieve or prevent the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and other allergies. Antihistamines prevent the effects of histamine, a substance produced by the body during an allergic reaction. Antihistamines come in tablet, capsule, liquid or injection form and available by prescription.
Immunotherapy- In immunotherapy series of injections which are purified allergen extract is given by best skin allergy doctor.
Emergency Epinephrine-Given for several allergic reactions, an epinephrine shot (epipen, Jr.tw inject) can reduce symptoms until you get emergency treatment.
Topical Immunomodulators-
Corticosteroid creams or ointments- sometimes your dermatologist will prescribe you corticosteroid creams or